Smoky shot

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Published on: September 16, 2010

Since I bought a SLR camera recently, I can’t help myself from picking it up once in a while and shoot something that catches my eye. Recently I had some incense sticks burning in the corner of the house. For a brief period the sun shone through the plastic blinders over the window. The light was cut through the blinders and cast an interesting light pattern over the smoke from the incense sticks. Had to capture the moment and the resulting pictures are below.

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Of course to give more emphasis to the smoke and the light split from the blinders, I converted the picture to grayscale and increased the contrast.

Limits of science

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Published on: September 16, 2010

The opening of the article states “Plenty of today’s scientific theories will one day be discredited. So should we be sceptical of science itself?”

This is an apt opening and a useful question which has to be asked every once in a while by all practicing scientists. Science is evidence based and it keeps changing and one must not become complacent about a certain theory is valid for all times…

Here is an interesting excerpt from the article:

No group of believers has more reason to be sure of its own good sense than today’s professional scientists. There is, or should be, no mystery about why it is always more rational to believe in science than in anything else, because this is true merely by definition. What makes a method of enquiry count as scientific is not that it employs microscopes, rats, computers or people in stained white coats, but that it seeks to test itself at every turn. If a method is as rigorous and cautious as it can be, it counts as good science; if it isn’t, it doesn’t. Yet this fact sets a puzzle. If science is careful scepticism writ large, shouldn’t a scientific cast of mind require one to be sceptical of science itself?

There is no full-blown logical paradox here. If a claim is ambitious, people should indeed tread warily around it, even if it comes from scientists; it does not follow that they should be sceptical of the scientific method itself. But there is an awkward public-relations challenge for any champion of hard-nosed science. When scientists confront the deniers of evolution, or the devotees of homeopathic medicine, or people who believe that childhood vaccinations cause autism—all of whom are as demonstrably mistaken as anyone can be—they understandably fight shy of revealing just how riddled with error and misleading information the everyday business of science actually is. When you paint yourself as a defender of the truth, it helps to keep quiet about how often you are wrong.”

More of this here: [The Link]

Moral Psychology: The New Science of Morality

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Published on: August 6, 2010

Interesting discussions and pointers to various discussions on the new science of morality (from edge.org)

http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/morality10/morality10_index.html

Contains videos and (downloadable) audio recordings of the talks from: Jonathan Haidt, Joshua Greene, Marc D Hauser, Sam Harris, Roy Baumeister, Paul Bloom, David Pizzaro, Elizabeth Phelps  and Joshua Knobe.

Couple of interesting papers which is a must read in these issues, especially for putting results of psychology studies in context.

  • Henrich, Joe, Heine, Steven J. and Norenzayan, Ara, “The Weirdest People in the World?” (May 7, 2010). RatSWD Working Paper No. 139.
    • How representative are experimental findings from American university students? What do we really know about human psychology?
    • Abstract: Broad claims about human psychology and behavior based on narrow samples from Western societies are regularly published. Are such species‐generalizing claims justified? This review suggests not only substantial variability in experimental results across populations in basic domains, but that standard subjects are unusual compared with the rest of the species—outliers. The domains reviewed include visual perception, fairness, spatial reasoning, moral reasoning, thinking‐styles, and self‐concepts. This suggests (1) caution in addressing questions of human nature from this slice of humanity, and (2) that understanding human psychology will require broader subject pools. We close by proposing ways to address these challenges.
    • [Link to Paper]
  • Mercier, H., Sperber, D.  “Why do humans reason? Arguments for an argumentative theory” Behavioral and Brain Sciences.
    • Abstract: Reasoning is generally seen as a mean to improve knowledge and make better decisions. Much evidence, however, shows that reasoning often leads to epistemic distortions and poor decisions. This suggests rethinking the function of reasoning. Our hypothesis is that the function of reasoning is argumentative. It is to devise and evaluate arguments intended to persuade. Reasoning so conceived is adaptive given human exceptional dependence on communication and vulnerability to misinformation. A wide range of evidence in the psychology or reasoning and decision making can be reinterpreted and better explained in the light of this hypothesis.
    • [Link to Paper]

Web-crawling computers will soon be calling the shots in science

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Published on: August 3, 2010

Here is an interesting article from Gaurdian about a research from a group in Univ of Chicago. Basically the claim is that the research is on to a method to analyze various published theories and stack them against experimental data to verify those theories, and more importantly, suggest new theories/hypothesis. This is certainly an interesting are of research I wish to keep an eye on. This also relates back to an earlier article that I found [Earlier Article from Edge.org] about a similar principle. Here is an excerpt from the article

“Computer programs increasingly are able to integrate published knowledge with experimental data, search for patterns and logical relations, and enable new hypotheses to emerge with little human intervention,” they write. “We predict that within a decade, even more powerful tools will enable automated, high-volume hypothesis generation to guide high-throughput experiments in biomedicine, chemistry, physics, and even the social sciences.”..

Art of choosing TED talk

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Published on: July 27, 2010

An interesting talk by Sheena Iyengar, the author of the book Art of choosing.

How facts backfire. Even when correct facts are given, they seem to have no effect…

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Published on: July 13, 2010

In interesting article in Boston.com about how people perceive facts and what those have on peoples opinion. Does it change their view or not..Interestingly it has very little effect, sometimes even has negative effect. Here are couple of excerpts from the article.

“…. In the end, truth will out. Won’t it?

Maybe not. Recently, a few political scientists have begun to discover a human tendency deeply discouraging to anyone with faith in the power of information. It’s this: Facts don’t necessarily have the power to change our minds. In fact, quite the opposite. In a series of studies in 2005 and 2006, researchers at the University of Michigan found that when misinformed people, particularly political partisans, were exposed to corrected facts in news stories, they rarely changed their minds. In fact, they often became even more strongly set in their beliefs. Facts, they found, were not curing misinformation. Like an underpowered antibiotic, facts could actually make misinformation even stronger.”

“Most of us like to believe that our opinions have been formed over time by careful, rational consideration of facts and ideas, and that the decisions based on those opinions, therefore, have the ring of soundness and intelligence. In reality, we often base our opinions on our beliefs, which can have an uneasy relationship with facts. And rather than facts driving beliefs, our beliefs can dictate the facts we chose to accept. They can cause us to twist facts so they fit better with our preconceived notions. Worst of all, they can lead us to uncritically accept bad information just because it reinforces our beliefs. This reinforcement makes us more confident we’re right, and even less likely to listen to any new information. And then we vote….”

More of this here: [The Link]

Your Brain on Computers Hooked on Gadgets, and Paying a Mental Price [NYT]

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Published on: June 7, 2010

here is an interesting article from NYTimes about impact of being hooked on devices/gadjets… Here are a couple of excerpts from the article:

“Scientists say juggling e-mail, phone calls and other incoming information can change how people think and behave. They say our ability to focus is being undermined by bursts of information. These play to a primitive impulse to respond to immediate opportunities and threats. The stimulation provokes excitement — a dopamine squirt — that researchers say can be addictive. In its absence, people feel bored.”

” While many people say multitasking makes them more productive, research shows otherwise. Heavy multitaskers actually have more trouble focusing and shutting out irrelevant information, scientists say, and they experience more stress. And scientists are discovering that even after the multitasking ends, fractured thinking and lack of focus persist. In other words, this is also your brain off computers.”

More of this here: [The Link]

Brain Cox on Why we need explorers

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Published on: June 4, 2010

An emotional plea by B. Cox public funded research…

[from ted.com] In tough economic times, our exploratory science programs — from space probes to the LHC — are first to suffer budget cuts. Brian Cox explains how curiosity-driven science pays for itself, powering innovation and a profound appreciation of our existence.


Craig Venter unveils “synthetic life”

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Published on: May 21, 2010

Here is the ted-talk about the synthetic life from Craig Venter.

Artificial life created by JVCI & co

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Published on: May 21, 2010

“… For 15 years, J. Craig Venter has chased a dream: to build a genome from scratch and use it to make synthetic life. Now, he and his team at the J. Craig Venter Institute (JCVI) in Rockville, Maryland, and San Diego, California, say they have realized that dream. In this week’s Science Express (www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/science.1190719), they describe the stepwise creation of a bacterial chromosome and the successful transfer of it into a bacterium, where it replaced the native DNA. Powered by the synthetic genome, that microbial cell began replicating and making a new set of proteins.

This is “a defining moment in the history of biology and biotechnology,” says Mark Bedau, a philosopher at Reed College in Portland, Oregon, and editor of the scientific journal Artificial Life. “It represents an important technical milestone in the new field of synthetic genomics,” says yeast biologist Jef Boeke of Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland….

[Life re-created. Blue colonies (top) indicate a successfully transplanted genome, with self-replicating bacteria revealed in an electron micrograph.  CREDITS (TOP TO BOTTOM): J. CRAIG VENTER INSTITUTE; T. DEERINCK AND M. ELLISMAN/NCMIR, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO]

More about this here:

Update: Critics rebuttals –> Its a technology feat. But not a synthetic life.

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